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2024年天津成考專升本英語語法解析及練習

  2024年天津成考專升本英語語法有哪些?以下是天津成考網(wǎng)為大家整理的天津成考專升本復習資料,希望對大家有所幫助!

天津成考專升本

  2024年天津成考專升本英語語法解析及練習

  虛擬語氣在各種從句的應用

  (一)主語從句的虛擬

  1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do

  常見的形容詞有:necessary, important, strange, natural

  It's important that he take my advice. (他接受我的建議很重要。)

  2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do

  常見的名詞有:a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish

  It's a pity that he be so silly. (很遺憾他這么傻。)

  3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do

  常見的過去分詞有:suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,

  proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。

  It's requested that she go home as soon as possible. (要求她盡快回家。)

  (二)賓語從句的虛擬

  1. 表命令,表建議,表要求的動詞,后接賓語從句虛擬。虛擬的構成為(should) do。

  I advise that he stay at home. (我建議他呆在家里。)

  2. wish后接從句,虛擬的構成是往過去推一個時態(tài)。

  I wish I had watched the football match last night. (我真希望昨晚我看了那場足球賽。)

  注意以下幾組詞或短語用于虛擬語氣中。

  1. as if, as though

  He speaks English as if he were a native speaker. (他講英語就像是以英語為母語的人。)

  2. otherwise, but, even though

  He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there. (他病了,否則他會在那里的。)

  3. with, without, but for

  Without your help, I would have died two years ago. (沒有你的幫助,我兩年前就死了。)

  But for your help, I would have died two years ago. (要不是你的幫助,我兩年前就死了。)

  4. would rather

  I'd rather you told me yourself. (我寧愿你自己告訴我。)

  5. It's time that

  It's time that you went to bed. (你該上床睡覺了。)

  It's time that you should go to bed. (你該上床睡覺了。)

  (三)表語從句中的虛擬

  在表語從句中,表示間接的命令,要求、請求、建議、決定等,主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是“(should)+動詞原形”。

  如:His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.(他的建議是我們立即離開。)

  名詞從句部分:

  (一)that不可省略的情況:

  1. 介詞后面的that不能省略:

  Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. (彼得是個好學生,只是他有時粗心大意。)

  2. 當that引導的賓語從句位于句首時:

  That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe. (他做過這樣的事我不相信。)

  3. 主句謂語動詞和that從句之間有插入語,that不省略:

  She said that, if she failed, she would try again. (她說,如果她失敗了,她會再試一次。)

  4. 當賓語從句有其他從屬連詞時,that不省略:

  He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time. (他告訴我,如果有必要,他們會加班。)

  (二)that引導同位語從句和that引導定語從句的區(qū)別:

  同位語從句中的that是連詞,不做成分,只連接主從句,不能省略;定語從句中的that要代替先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或者表語,并且做賓語時可以省略。從語義上看,同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋、說明或內(nèi)容;而定語從句時對前面名詞的限定。

  We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on popular science. (我們應該考慮學生們要求學校圖書館提供更多科普書籍的要求。)(that引導同位語從句)

  only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people in disaster areas. (他表達的唯一希望是他們將盡其所能幫助災區(qū)人民。)(that引導定語從句)

  (三)要根據(jù)句子結構尤其是謂語動詞判斷從句的類型:

  What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. (我們都知道2008年奧運會在北京舉行。)

  本句含有一個主語從句和一個表語從句,主句的動詞為is。

  It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.(眾所周知,2008年奧運會在北京舉行。)

  本句含有一個主語從句,主句的動詞為is known to。

  As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. (眾所周知,2008年奧運會在北京舉行。)

  本句含有一個定語從句,主句的動詞為took place,as引導非限制性定語從句。

  (四)名詞性從句的語序和語態(tài):

  名詞性從句均應用陳述語序,不能用疑問語序,其時態(tài)應該和主句時態(tài)保持一致。

  (五) 名詞性從句中連詞的省略:

  介詞后的連詞以及引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。that引導名詞從句(除了引導第一個賓語從句可省略外)都不可省略,但是引導定語從句并在從句中做賓語時可以省略。

  (六)名詞性從句中it的使用:

  為了保持句子平衡,多數(shù)情況下,it作形式主語或形式賓語,將真正的主語或賓語從句后置。

  定語從句部分:

  關系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關系副詞when, where, why。

  (一)that指物時一般可與which互換,但在下列情況下,要用that而不用which。

  a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時,如,

  Everything (that) he did is wrong. (他所做的一切都是錯的。)

  b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時,如,

  I'll read all the books (that) you lend me. (你借給我的書我都讀。)

  c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,

  This is the first letter (that) the boy has written. (這是這個男孩寫的第一封信。)

  d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時,如

  He is the very man (that) I'm looking for. (他就是我要找的那個人。)

  e. 只用which的情況

  在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中

  This is the book about which we have talked a lot. (這是我們聊了很多的書。)

  The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting. (他昨天給我的那本書很有趣。)

  f. where和when作關系副詞

  This is the room where I worked. (這是我工作的房間。)

  This is the room which I stayed in. (這就是我住過的房間。)

  I remembered the day when we lived there. (我記得我們住在那里的那一天。)

  I remembered the day that I spent there. (我記得我在那里度過的那一天。)

  g. as和which

  as 可以放于句首,而which 不可以

  As you know, he is good at English. (如你所知,他英語很好。)

  three of them 和three of which

  I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian. (我有很多書,其中三本是俄文的。)

  I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian. (我有很多書,其中三本是俄文的。)

  (二)“介詞+關系代詞”的情況:

  在固定短語中介詞不能提前;判斷介詞的口訣:瞻前顧后看意義

  瞻前——看先行詞;顧后——找從句動詞;看意義——看全句表達含義

  (三)先行詞在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語時,關系詞用where 或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當時間狀語時,關系詞用when或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當原因狀語時,關系詞用why或者for which。

  (四) 注意as和which在非限制性定語從句中代表主句所表達的內(nèi)容的區(qū)別:

  位置不同:as從句放在主句前或后均可;而which從句只能放在主句后

  作用不同:as從句動詞常常是see \know等,因而相當于插入語;which從句則在陳述一件事實。

  狀語從句部分

  (一)while 是高考中的高頻詞,它既可引導時間狀語從句,又可引導并列句,還可引導讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管”。

  (二)no matter wh- 與wh-ever 的聯(lián)系及區(qū)別:

  no matter wh- 只引導讓步狀語從句,此時與wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引導名詞性從句,No matter wh-不能。

  No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party. (無論他什么時候回來,都應該邀請他參加聚會。)

  (三)在條件,時間和讓步從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時,用現(xiàn)在完成時表將來完成時,用一般過去時表過去將來時。在since 引導的時間狀語從句中,動詞一般都用一般過去時,而主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時。

  (四)狀語從句的倒裝一般有下面幾種情況:

  ①否定詞開頭;

 ?、趕o 加adj. 開頭;

 ?、踑s / though引導的讓步狀語從句。

  (五) 連詞before小結:

  We had sailed four days before we saw land. (我們航行了四天才看到陸地。)(……才)

  We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (我們還沒跑完一英里,他就感到累了。)(不到……就)

  Please write it down before you forget it. (請在忘記之前把它寫下來。)(趁……)

  Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (我還沒來得及插上一句話,他就給我量了尺寸。)(還沒來得及)

  It will be/was…before…(要過多久才……)

  (六) because, since, as 引導原因從句的區(qū)別:

  because表達直接原因,語氣最強,回答why;since通常放句首,譯為“既然”;as引導不談自明的原因,語氣最弱;

  (七)as可以引導多種從句,要注意其中的區(qū)別。

  (八)till, until和not…until的區(qū)別;if和unless的區(qū)別。

  非謂語動詞部分

  (一)動詞不定式幾點注意

  1.下列動詞或動詞短語后接不定式:agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay, expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to, would like to等。

  2. 不定式常用的句型:too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(夠……就能……), so as to do/in order to do(為了……),so…as to do/such…as to do(如此……結果……)。

  3. 不定式的三個結構:即否定結構、復合結構和疑問結構。

  否定結構為“not (never) to do”;

  疑問結構是特殊疑問詞“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;

  復合結構是“for/ of +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ to do ”。

  4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel這些動詞帶不定式作賓補時,省掉to, 若這些動詞以被動形式出現(xiàn)時,應加上to。

  5. 當前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination, ability, opportunity(機會),way時,一般用不定式作定語。

  6. but/ except + to do/ do 結構,要根據(jù)謂語動詞來確定其后面的形式。當謂語動詞是do, does, did時,but后用動詞原形;謂語動詞是其他動詞時,but后用“to + 動詞原形”的形式。

  7. 形容詞后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 兩個外)。

  You are sure to succeed. (你一定能成功。)

  He is busy preparing his lessons at present. (他現(xiàn)在正忙于預習功課。)

  8. 不定式作定語和表語時,有時需要在后面放上一個適當?shù)慕樵~。

  This is a bench to sit on.(這是用來坐的凳子。)

  This room is comfortable to live in. (這個房間住起來很舒適。)

  9. 在“主語+系動詞+adj.+不定式”這個句型中,當主語是不定式的邏輯賓語時,不定式不用被動,不能在動詞后再放賓語。

  The question is easy to answer. (這個問題很容易回答。)

  (question是answer的賓語,不能說:The question is easy to be answered. 也不能說:The question is easy to answer it .)

  習題:

  1.With the couple________in a nearby town,the house seems pretty empty most of the time.

  A.work

  B.to work

  C.working

  D.worked

  答案:C

  解析:考查with復合結構。work 和其邏輯主語the couple是主謂關系,表示現(xiàn)在的狀況,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。句意為:這對夫妻在附近鎮(zhèn)上上班,他們的房子大部分時間都是空蕩蕩的。

  2.________to get a seat for the concert,he didn't mind standing in a queue all night.

  A.Determine

  B.To be determined

  C.Determined

  D.Being determined

  答案:C

  解析:過去分詞作原因狀語,“Determined to get a seat for the concert”相當于“Because he was determined to get a seat for the concert”。

  3.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ________ often enough.

  A.explaining

  B.to explain

  C.explain

  D.explained

  答案:D

  解析:此題考查“have sth.done”結構。

  4.He hurried to the station,only ________ that the train had left.

  A.to find

  B.finding

  C.found

  D.to be found

  答案:A

  解析:根據(jù)句意可知,空白處表示一個意想不到的結果,因此用“only+不定式”表示,又因句子的主語和find之間為主謂關系,因此用不定式的主動式。

  5.Now that we’ve discussed our problem,are people happy with the decisions ________?

  A.taking

  B.take

  C.taken

  D.to take

  答案:C

  解析:句意為:既然我們已經(jīng)討論了我們的問題,人們對我們做的決定滿意嗎? take與the decisions之間是動賓關系,故用過去分詞表示被動。

  6.Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,________him a millionaire overnight.

  A.making

  B.makes

  C.to make

  D.made

  答案:C

  解析:不定式作結果狀語表示主語未曾預料到的結果。

  7.________ your composition carefully,some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

  A.Having checked

  B.Check

  C.If you check

  D.To check

  答案:C

  解析:分析句子結構可知,check的邏輯主語是you,與后面句子的主語some spelling mistakes不一致,因此不能用非謂語動詞作狀語,故使用從句因為主從句的主語可以一致,也可以不一致。

  8.________twice a year,whether it is a car or a bus or a truck,is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

  A.Examining

  B.Examined

  C.Being examined

  D.Having been examined

  答案:C

  解析:句中缺少的是主語,分詞不作主語,故排除A、B項;從整個句子意思來看examine需要用被動式且用其一般式即可。

  9.Little Bob is often educated by his parents to be good and friendly to anyone even if ________.

  A.attacking

  B.is attacked

  C.to be attacked

  D.attacked

  答案:D

  解析:even if attacked=even if he is attacked。

  10.Could you show me the TV set you’d like________?

  A.to have repaired

  B.repairing it

  C.to have it repaired

  D.to repair it

  答案:A

  解析:此處考查would like后跟不定式;其次考查have sth. done結構。

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